Geographic features are generally fixed, but the relative location of a site may indeed change over time. For instance, the current actual locations of Andalucia, Liverpool, and St. Petersburg, are not equal to their past locations, nor to the economic and other activities associated with these places. This paper also discusses how ethnicity is at the heart of the issues affecting contemporary Dagestan, Slovakia, Montreal and Vancouver. With the decline of the nation-state in the later 20th century, the world has seen a great rise in ethno-nationalist movements and others which identify peoples and claims in relation. 6 pgs. 9 f/c. 8b.